Hydraulic Control Valve for Forklift

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The function of directional control valves is to route the fluid to the desired actuator. Normally, these control valves consist of a spool located within a housing made either of cast iron or steel. The spool slides to different positions inside the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves direct the fluid based on the spool's location.

The spool has a neutral or central location that is maintained by springs. In this position, the supply fluid is blocked or returned to the tank. If the spool is slid to one side, the hydraulic fluid is routed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. If the spool is transferred to the opposite direction, the return and supply paths are switched. Once the spool is enabled to return to the neutral or center position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.

The directional control is usually intended to be stackable. They normally have a valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input which supplies all the valves in the stack.

Tolerances are maintained extremely tightly, so as to deal with the higher pressures and in order to avoid leaking. The spools will often have a clearance in the housing no less than 25 µm or a thousandth of an inch. In order to avoid jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components and distorting the valve, the valve block will be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

The location of the spool may be actuated by hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids which push the spool left or right. A seal enables a part of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is easy to get to to the actuator.

The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by flow performance and capacity. Some of these valves are designed to be proportional, as a valve position to the proportional flow rate, while some valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is one of the most sensitive and pricey components of a hydraulic circuit.

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